A traditional solution to this problem is to connect a signal coupling device between
the X10 protocol. The INSTEON Powerline protocol is compatible2 with the X10 
C o m p a r e d
Any X10 devices that may be in the home also send signals over the powerline using
network. As shown in the diagram below, INSTEON devices can communicate with
bands must be able to tolerate interference from other devices, and there are many
protocol, meaning that designers are free to create INSTEON devices that can also
each other using both radio and the powerline.
installed on each powerline phase.
INSTEON solves the single media signaling problems because it is a dual mesh
the powerline phases, either by hardwiring it in at a junction box or by plugging it
circuits in the home, and Phase 2 powers the other half.
messaging bridges the powerline phases whenever at least one BiPHY device is
the single three-wire 220 VAC powerline is split into a pair of two-wire 110 VAC
and the INSTEON RF protocol) solve a significant problem encountered by devices
home use, so communications over the powerline or over the airwaves makes the
other using the INSTEON Powerline protocol. INSTEON devices with radios, whether
ways in the home that radio signals can be attenuated and reflected. The powerline
frequency) protocol to communicate with other INSTEON devices that have radios.
prevent signals from half of the circuits in a house from reaching the other half.
is notorious for electrical noise, and the phase bridging problem (see below) can
power is most commonly distributed to homes in North America as split-phase 220-
connection for them to travel over.
All INSTEON devices that are plugged into the powerline communicate with each
into a 220 VAC outlet. INSTEON automatically solves the powerline phase coupling
most sense for home networking.
they are plugged into the powerline or handheld, use the INSTEON RF (radio
INSTEON Is a Dual Mesh Network
INSTEON BiPHY
radio is fraught with problems. The FCC requires that radio devices using the ISM
that can only communicate via the powerline. As indicated in the diagram, electrical
powerlines, known as Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 wiring usually powers half the
January 2, 2006
listen and talk to X10 devices. Legacy X10 devices, however, are insensitive to the
volt alternating current (220 VAC). At the main electrical junction box to the home,
Page 5
from a powerline receiver are severely attenuated, because there is no direct circuit
Not all INSTEON devices are required to have radios.
How INSTEON Works
ISM (industrial, scientific, medical) radio bands are freely available for unlicensed
There are 109 million households in the U.S. They all have powerline wiring, and the
The problem is that powerline signals originating on the opposite powerline phase
However, single media communication exclusively over powerline or exclusively over
problem through the use of INSTEON BiPHY RF/powerline devices--INSTEON RF
TM devices (those that can use both the INSTEON Powerline protocol
© 2006 SmartLabs Technology
INSTEON Powerline protocol.
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